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Teacher´s
Notes sowie Lösungen |
| Nouns | Singular
forms and plural forms with s Common irregular plural forms Possessive form ('s) Transparent compounds Gerunds for activities and pastimes |
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| Verbs | Tenses: Present simple (except negative questions) Present progressive with present and future meaning Simple past of listed regular and irregular verbs Present perfect simple Past continuous Present simple for future reference Present perfect progressive Past perfect Irregular past forms: came/did/had/said/was/were/went Passive Passive forms: present and past forms of be + past participle Simple passive verb forms (except modal perfects) Present and past continuous passive verb forms additionally: Parts of be, have, have got; There is/are/was/were Positive and negative imperative forms and questions Positive, negative and question forms Short answers. can for ability and permission; Let's... going to for prediction and intention can for possibility would like + noun phrase -ing forms after like, stop Infinitive forms after want, start will for offers, requests, and with future meaning could for past ability and possibility have to for obligation would like + infinitive would for desires, preferences Common phrasal verbs with transparent meanings -ing forms after go, verbs of (dis)like Infinitive forms after want, start, like is/was/has been able to can't to deny possibility could for requests and suggestions must for obligation shall for suggestions, plans, offers need (to)/needn't for necessity should (positive only) for advice to + infinitive after what/where etc Infinitives after permitted verbs and adjectives, with too/enough/very, after indefinite pronouns/adverbs, infinitive of purpose Common phrasal verbs with non-transparent meanings have something done make/let + infinitive used to was/were going to had better for advice or desirability may/might for possibility must for deduced facts should/ought to for advice, duty, desirability would for hypothetical situations Question tags: positive tag following negative statement and vice versa |
| Determiners | Articles:
a, an, the or zero + noun (phrase) All cardinal and ordinal numbers Possessives Quantifiers: some, any, a little, a lot (of) Quantifiers with more Distributives: every, all + noun, both, either, neither,another, other, each Demonstrative: these, those (also pronouns) Interrogative Which ? (also pronoun) the + adjective Predeterminers: all, such Relative: whose a meaning per |
| Pronouns | Personal,
subject and direct object Demonstrative: this, that (also as determiners) Interrogative: Who? What? Whose? Which? (also as determiner) It (+ be) in impersonal expressions As indirect objects Possessive Demonstrative: these, those (also determiners) some-, no-, any-, every-(body/thing) Indefinite: someone, anyone, everyone, no one one/ones Reflexive also for emphasis Relative: who, which, that,whose Omission of relative Reciprocal: each other Pronoun + of, to, adjective, relative clause |
| Adjectives | Simple adjectives
(attributive and predicative) Comparative: -er/more + adjective...than, as ... as, comparative with less Superlative: the -est in/of, most + adjective, superlative with least better, best, worse, worst, more, most too + adjective How + adjective Intensifiers: much, a bit, a lot,nearly as, just as, not quite as Adjective + to Adjective + enough |
| Adverbs | Some adverbs
of frequency, place and time Adjective +ly [see wordlist] Interrogatives: Where? When? Why?; How (much/many)? Intensifier: very Additive: too Adjective + (i)ly Irregular adverbs of manner Comparative: as...as Indefinite: somewhere, nowhere, anywhere, everywhere Comparative: -er/-est, more/most + adverb |
| Conjunctions | and, because,
but, or to join words, phrases, clauses so, before, after, when, as well as [+ see wordlist] |
| Sentences | Simple one-clause
sentences Two clauses joined with and, but, because or or Direct speech + noun/pronoun + say/ask Two clauses joined with so, before, after, when Direct speech + subject/verb inversion Reported speech with present tense reporting verb know, think, hope etc + that clause Sentences with more than two main clauses Sentences with one main and one subordinate clause Zero and first conditional Defining relative clauses (but not embedded) Clauses with wh words Clauses ending in so, not Reported speech with to + infinitive Participle clauses Adjectives/nouns + that clause Complex sentences where the relations between clauses are uncomplicated Non-defining relative clauses Second conditional if clauses after verbs of asking, wondering etc Reported speech with past tense reporting verbs |
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